The Battle for Value Case Solution

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Date Submitted: 11/14/2013 11:42 AM

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The Battle for Value

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1. Prepare to describe in class the competition in the overnight package delivery industry, and the strategies by which those two firms are meeting the competition. What are the enabling and inhibiting factors facing the two firms as they pursue their goals? Do you think that either firm can attain a sustainable competitive advantage in this business?

  在隔夜包裏配送產業,UPS提供較FedEx半價的折扣優惠,但有品質上的問題。再由於UPS重視經濟效益,因此投入的固定成本大,無法快速適應市場需求,造成UPS在1981年才進入隔夜配送產業,然而若無法有效運用資產,UPS閒置產能會較FedEx很多,使得成本上升。反觀FedEx早在1973年則開始推行隔夜配送服務,然而FedEx財務狀況不佳,即使具有創新,與發現新事業的能力,但續航力不足,使得容易被追随的競爭對手迎頭趕上。因此我們認為UPS在品質控管上正努力在改善,且從ROA可判斷,其能夠有效運用資產,待規模經濟發生,即可造成顯著的成長,固較能維持長久的競爭優勢。

2. Why did FedEx’s stock price outstrip UPS’s during the initiation of talks over liberalized air cargo routes between the U.S. and China? Assuming a perfectly efficient stock market, how might one interpret a 14% increase in FedEx’s market value of equity?

  由於FedEx在中國已經布局已久,所以當此條約一開始談判,FedEx是有能力馬上對中國的市場開始運作,反之UPS儘管挾有較好的財務結構,但對於中國的市場還停留在建置的階段,因此FedEx的漲幅會高達14%之多。在強式效率市場的假說下,公開市場的股票價格會立即反應所有的消息,因此這樣利多一但釋出,無論是FedEx或UPS的股票均會馬上回應這個消息。

3. How have FedEx and UPS performed since the early 1990s? Which firm is doing better? In class, prepare to discuss the insights you derived from the two firms’ financial statements, financial ratios, stock-price performance, and economic profit (economic value added or EVA). Also, prepare to describe how EVA is estimated, and its strengths and weaknesses as a measure of performance.

  從投資者的角度,在1992-2000年,UPS和FedEx的財務表現來看,UPS的股票增值空間幅度大,有6倍之多,加上又有發放股利給股東,且ROE和ROA都相較FedEx來得大。另外由於1999年,UPS上市,報酬率在該年產生爆炸性的成長,可能原因為投資者可以看見公司將來發展的空間延展性大,所以造成劇烈的成長。

  EVA是用(ROA-WACC)*期初資本而得,而意義在於,ROA相當於用一塊的資本可以賺多少的報酬率,WACC相當於用一塊資本需付出的成本,具有機會成本的概念,因此兩者的差距若是正的,代表此公司的每一塊資本,在營運活動中可獲得正的經濟租,反之則獲得負的經濟租。而EVA具有的優勢為,計算容易,又考慮資金成本,因此能表示公司在一段期間內所創造的價值;劣勢為,從應計基礎的考慮之下,EVA產生的誤差值很大,因此無法作為未來長期表現指標。

4. If you had to identify one of those companies as...