Unit 14 Case Study

Unit 14 Case Study

1. The kidneys remove extra body fluid that is in the bloodstream, than waste is stored in the bladder.

2. When an adult urinates more than 50mL a day and when an adult drinks more than a gallon of any beverage a day.

3. – Neurogenic DI involves a deficiency of arginine vasopressin.

- Nephrogenic DI is caused by insensitivity of the kidneys to effect the antidiuretic hormone.

- Dispogenic DI is caused by a defect or damage to the thirst mechanism.

- Gestational DI only occurs during pregnancy.

4. It is diagnosed by a urinalysis, a fluid deprivation test, and a MRI.

5. They are similar, because they both involve increased thirst. They differ, because diabetes mellitus involves high levels of sugar in the blood. Diabetes insipidus is a rare disease that involves excess volume of severely diluted urine.

6. Diuresis occurs in diabetes insipidus due to hormonal imbalances and occurs in diabetes mellitus due to high blood sugar leaking into the urine and taking excess water along with it.

7. Diabetes insipidus and SIADH both involve ADH in some way or another, but diabetes insipidus happens when the body doesn’t release ADH or when the kidneys don’t respond to ADH. SIADH happens when the body secretes ADH when it shouldn’t.

8. Other conditions that result in polyuria and polydipsia are diabetes, kidney disease, adrenal gland disease, and pyometra.

9. DDAVP is desmopressin acetate, which desmopressin is a synthetic replacement of vasopressin, the hormone that reduces urine production. It is administered by injection.

10. If they have diabetes insipidus and don’t get treated for it, it can cause them to have worse health problems and can cause early death.

11. Because ADH retains water in the body and constricts blood vessels and vasopressin regulates the body’s retention of water by acting to increase water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron.