Bio 101 Review Sheet

Bio 101 Review Sheet

Test #3 (Chapters 7-8)

Chapter 7

1. Name of two men who discovered the structure of DNA

a. Name of woman whose date they used to make their discovery

2. Basic structure of DNA

b. Backbone made of what?

c. Nucleotides?

d. Type of bond that holds the structure together

3. Complementary bases

e. Which base goes with which?

f. Be able to create complementary strands for a strand of DNA

g. Why this is important for replication?

4. # of chromosomes in human cell

5. Genome vs. gene vs. chromosome

6. Central dogma

h. DNA transcribed to RNA in nucleus

i. RNA translated into proteins in cytoplasm

7. 3 main differences between RNA and DNA

j. Strand number

k. Sugar

l. Bases

8. 3 types of RNA

m. Functions of each

9. 3 main steps of transcription

10. Intron vs. Exon

n. Function of each

11. 3 main processing steps of RNA before it is translated

o. 5’ cap

p. Poly A tail

q. RNA splicing

12. Codon

r. What it is

s. Number of nucleotides it includes

t. Number of amino acids

u. How cell knows where to start and stop protein synthesis

13. 3 main steps of translation

14. 3 effects of mutations

v. Good, bad, silent

i. What silent is in terms of amino acids

15. Point mutation

16. Frameshift mutation

17. Main causes of mutation of DNA

18. Which mutations are heritable

19. Definition of allele

w. How process of mutation in replication leads to new alleles

x. Why mutations are important for evolution

20. Transgenic organism

y. What it is

z. How its created

{. Definition of recombinant DNA

21. What gene therapy is in general

Chapter 8

22. Programmed cell death =?

|. Why it’s important that cell division be balanced with cell death

23. 2 main functions of apoptosis

24....