Anatomy & Physiology Honors Week 2 Study Guide

1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found?

• Nucleus: contains heavy particles

• Electron Cloud: contains very light, moving particles

 Subatomic particles:

 Protons: found in the central nucleus, positive charge, about 1 unit of mass

 Neutrons: found in the central nucleus, no electrical charge (neutral), about 1 unit of mass

 Electrons: found rapidly spinning in a cloud around the central nucleus, very small mass, negative charge

2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #?

-Atomic mass # is determined by adding together the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

-Atomic # is the number of protons in the nucleus.

3) What is an isotope? Give an example (show how it is an isotope).

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons.

Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14

6 protons 6 protons 6 protons

6 neutrons 7 neutrons 8 neutrons

4) Compare and contrast the 3 basic types of chemical bonds and give an example of each.

 Ionic bonds: form between atoms with opposite electrical charges (ions)

 bond between a metal and nonmetal -transfer electrons forming ions

 Atom that loses electrons (electron donor) has a net positive charge, and is called a cation.

 Atom that gains electrons (electron acceptor) has a net negative charge, and is an anion.

 Ions in solution can conduct electricity-These are called electrolytes

 Ex: Table salt is an example of an ionic compound.

 Covalent bonds: occur when atoms share, rather than gain or lose electrons, forming molecules

 Bond between two nonmetals- share electrons

 In covalent bonding, each atom contributes the same number of electrons to the bond, called electron pairs....