Production of Ammonia

Table of Contents

Content Page Number

1. Process Background

1.1 Common Production of Ammonia in Industry 1

1.2 Background Raw Materials of Ammonia 12

1.3 Stoichiometry Equation and Typical Process Condition 20

1.4 Type of Reactor 25

2.0 Mass Balance

3.0 Stoichiometric Table

4.0 Reaction Kinetics

5.0 Reactor Design and Sizing

6.0 Conclusions

7.0 References

8.0 Appendices

1.1 AMMONIA PRODUCTION

Ammonia produces basically from water, air, and energy. The energy usually Hydrocarbons so it produce hydrogen. The atmosphere is full of nitrogen gas, but it is unreactive and generally does not combine with other elements. The basic for making ammonia, NH3, is to combine hydrogen gas, H2, with nitrogen gas, N2, at a high temperature within 500oC and under high pressure which is 250 atm, 25 500 kPa. Chemically, this is a difficult reaction, so it requires an agent to speed up the process by ended up using a catalyst which usually iron catalyst. The human body also naturally produces ammonia everyday which is essential in the body as a building block for making proteins and other complex molecules and the by-product produce in form of ammonia.

Ammonia is the top five industrial chemicals in the world. It contributes significantly too many purposes such as nutritional and pharmaceutical product, also in fertilizer and explosives. For pharmaceuticals product, it contributes more on manufacturer of drug such as sulphonamide, while fertilizer is production of urea and ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4 ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4 whereas ammonium nitrate, NH4 NO3 are explosive. Ammonia also can be found in our house because it important in refrigerator which used for making ice, large scale refrigeration plants, air-conditioning units in buildings and plants.

There was several process used in production of ammonia which is Haber Process, Nitrogen Fixation and Uhde process. While in...