Management

Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Before doing something, the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation. It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives.

Organizing is the process of defining and grouping activities and establishing authority relationships among them to attain organizational objectives.

Directing means giving instructions, guiding, and counseling, motivating and leading the staff in an organization in doing work to achieve Organizational goals. Directing is a key managerial function to be performed by the manager along with planning,organising, staffing and controlling. From top executive to supervisor performs the function of directing and it takes place accordingly wherever superior – subordinate relations exist. Directing is a continuous process initiated at top level and flows to the bottom through organizational hierarchy.

Staffing is that part of the process of management which is concerned with acquiring, developing, employing, appraising, remunerating and retaining people so that right type of people are available at right positions and at right time in the organization. In the simplest terms, staffing is ‘putting people to jobs’.

The managerial function controlling always maximize the use of scarce resources to achieve the purposeful behavior of employees in an organization. In planning stage, it is decided that how the resources would be utilized but where as in the controlling stage it is observed that whether the resources are being utilized in the same way as planned or not. Thus, control completes the whole sequence of management process.

Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of coordinating the efforts of people to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources...