Histology

1)

• Eukaryotes contain a membrane bound nucleus, prokaryotes do not.

• DNA is organized in tightly bound linear chromosomes in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, DNA is circular.

• Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes. In eukaryotes , transcription occurs in the nucleus before translation can occur in the cytoplasm.

• Prokaryotes are haploid (contain one copy of each gene), while eukaryotes are diploid (contain two copies of each gene).

• Prokaryotes contain extrachromosomal plasmids, eukaryotes normally do not.

• Prokaryotes contain little repetitive DNA, eukaryotes contain high amounts of repetitive DNA.

• Eukaryotes are usually multicellular, while prokaryotes are normally unicellular.

• Eukaryotes contain lysosomes, while prokaryotes do not.

• Eukaryotes contain an endoplasmic reticulum, prokaryotes do not.

• Eukaryotes contain mitochondria or chloroplasts, prokaryotes do not.

• Eukaryotes contain larger ribosomes than the ribosomes found in prokaryotes.

• Eukaryotes contain a Golgi Apparatus, prokaryotes do not.

• The nuclear membrane of eukaryotic cells are permeable but selective, prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane

• Eukaryotes are typically larger in size than prokaryotes.

• Prokaryotes divide by binary fission, while eukaryotes divide by meiosis and mitosis.

• Eukaryotes wrap DNA around histones, prokaryotes have multiple proteins associated in wrapping of DNA

• Prokaryotic genes are expressed in groups called operons, eukaryotic genes are expressed individually

• Prokaryotic genes lack introns on their genes eukaryotic genes contain introns

• All genes on an operon of a prokaryotic cell are transcribed on the same piece of RNA, in eukaryotic cells, each gene is individually transcribed on their own strand of mRNA

• Prokaryotes have more compacted genomes compared to eukaryotes

2)

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) is a cellular organelle that is studded with ribosomes on its outer face....