Ppt for Aca

Preview

I Stack: -operands on top of stack II Accumulator: -1 operand is implicitly the accumulator III General Purpose Register: -Register/Memory: Mem thru Instr. -Load/Store: Access Mem with L or S

CS 152 - SPRING 1996 DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES Y. CHO

Addressing Modes

I Data Addressing Modes 42% Average - Displacement 33% Average - Immediate 13% Average - Register Indirect 12% - Rest II Little Endian versus Big Endian

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES

Y. CHO

Processor Metrics

Equations:

Execution time = Clock Cycles/Program * Clock Cycle time Execution time = Clock Cycles/Program/Clock Rate Clock Cycles/Program = Instr./Program * CPI CPI = Clock Cycles/Program/(Instr./Program) CPI = (CPU Time * Clock Rate)/Instruction Count

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES

Y. CHO

Amdahl’s Law

Speedup due to Enhancement Execution time without Enhancement = Execution time with Enhancement Equation:

ExecutionTimeW/Enhance = ExecTimeWithoutEnhance*(F/S+(1-F))

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES

Y. CHO

SPARC STATION

I II III IV V Datapath + Control (CPU) CPU + Coprocessors Memory + Controller BUS I/O: Hard Disk, Floppy, Keyboard

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES

Y. CHO

COST

Equations:

Wafer Cost Die Cost = ---------------------------Dies per Wafer * Die Yield Wafer Yield Die Yield =----------------------------------------(1+(Defects per unit area * Die Area)/a)^a pi*(Wafer D/2)2 pi*Wafer D Dies/Wafer = --------------- - ----------- - Testdies die area sqrt(2*DieArea)

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES

Y. CHO

Instruction Set Architecture

I VAX (CISC) A B II Variable Length Instructions Many, many, many instr. types

MIPS (RISC) A B C Fixed length About 50-80 Instructions (How?) Simple Instructions

DISCUSSION LECTURE 1 NOTES Y. CHO

CS 152 - SPRING 1996

MIPS Assembly Language

I II III IV Crucial to know MIPS Assembly Laboratory #2...