Metabolism

Metabolism and Nutrition- 7/28/16- begin FINAL EXAM material

* Weight combo of hereditary and environment

* Apetite and weight control based on peptide hormones

* Gut-brain peptides from GI to brain

* Short-term= ghrelin increase affect hypothal stops an hour after eating, peptide YY secreted by entero endocrine of ilium and colon, signal that food has arrived in stomach proportionate to amt/ calories consumed, cholecystokinin duodenum and jejunum bile and pancreatic and vagus nerve affected to suppress appetite

* Long term- govern intake and expenditure long term, activate mech for adding or removing fat

* Leptin by adipocytes, informs brain how much fat we have, some obese have defective leptin

* Insulin- by pancreatic B cells, glycogen, fat synth, has index on body fat stores

* Weaker effect than leptin

* See figure 26.1 for peptides and organs involved **

* NT stim diff kinds of cravings

* Norep- carbs

* Galanin- fats

* Endorph- proteins

* BMI cut-offs – see book 20-25, 27, 30 for normal, overweight, obese

* Fat highest NRG

* essential nut. can’t be made in the body

* SEE POSTED SLIDES EXPLAINING THESE + NUTRIENTS

* Sugar- as a combo of carbs and fats—satisfies most cellular needs

* carb intake regulates the metabolism of other nutrients

* excess fat is converted to fat and stored

* consumption of carbs required in higher amts than other nutrients bc they are metabolized most quickly

* cellulose not a nutrient bc cant be digested but it is a dietary fiber and is thus helpful

* High GI = high demand for insulin

* Know:

* Sucrose- sugarcane and beets

* Fructose- fruits and corn syrup

* Maltose- germinating cereal grains

* Lactose- cow’s milk

* Fibers:

* Cellulose, pectin- water soluble and increases blood chol and LDL levels, gums, ligins

* Too much makes it hard for you to absorb trace...