Chemistry

GENERAL CHEMISTRY

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES 2

Practices of scientific inquiry and engineering design 2

Crosscutting concepts in the science and engineering 2

MATTER AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE 4

Properties of matter 4

Atomic theory and the Periodic Table 5

Kinetic molecular theory, nature of phase changes and gas laws 9

ENERGY AND CHEMICAL BONDING 11

Energy changes in chemical and physical processes 11

Nomenclature and structure of inorganic and organic compounds 13

Chemical bonding, intermolecular forces and their effects on properties 18

CHEMICAL REACTIONS 20

Nature of chemical reactions 20

Reaction kinetics 21

Principles of chemical equilibrium 22

Acid-base chemistry 23

Oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry 26

STOICHIOMETRY AND SOLUTIONS 28

Stoichiometry 28

Properties of solutions and colloidal suspensions 31

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PRACTICES

Practices of scientific inquiry and engineering design

The scientific method is based on the steps:

* Observation of the surrounding world

* Questioning the surrounding world and establishing a hypothetical answer

* Designing experiments to test the accuracy of the hypothetical answer

* Performing the planned experiments

* Data analysis: did the experiments prove / disprove the hypothetical answer?

* Conclusion = Once demonstrated to be true, the hypothetical answer is transformed into a thesis or scientific theory/principle

* Theories and principles can then used to predict new hypothesis / demonstrate concepts

Based on this method, scientists and engineers use their knowledge to look for new ways to using the surrounding environment to get the maximum profit out of it.

The major difference between a scientist and an engineer is that a scientist will mainly focus on the theoretical aspect of the problem (he will try to answer the question “WHY?”) whereas the engineer focuses on its practical application (he will try to answer the...