Insecurity in Nigeria

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

(SOS)

TOPIC:

THE THEORIES OF DEVELOPEMNT

A TERM PAPER

PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE COURSE: SS 313

(COMMUNITY LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT)

BY:

DANIEL NKECHINYERE

REG. NO: 2013/SD/32873

YEAR: 4/5

LECTURER: DR. MRS. EZEGBE

AUGUST, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

2.2 Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

3.2 Critiques of Piaget’s Theory

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

4.2 Critiques of Kohlberg’s Theory

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction to Theories of Development

Development is the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span. Theories of development however, provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. But why do we study development? What can we learn from psychological theories of development? If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into individuals and society. Several famous psychologists, including Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, Jean Piaget, and Lawrence Kohlberg, describe development as a series of stages.

A stage is a period in development in which people exhibit typical behavior patterns and establish particular capacities. The various stage theories share three assumptions:

1. People pass through stages in a specific order, with each stage building on capacities developed in the previous stage.

2. Stages are related to age.

3. Development is discontinuous, with qualitatively different capacities emerging in each stage.

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality

The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud first described personality development as a series of stages. Of these stages, Freud believed that early childhood was...