Bus101

ANAAB, WILLIAMS, 0360290, BUS 101, FINAL PROJECT

SUBJECT: PENCIL PRODUCTON

Pen and pencil industry workers operate machines or perform manual tasks to produce pens, pencils, markers, and other writing instruments. Hundreds of years ago, citizens of ancient countries invented writing tools to record events or business deals. The earliest form of Western writing was called cuneiform. In cuneiform, a stick was used to carve images in clay. The clay was then baked to make the images permanent.

The ancient Greeks used two new methods of writing. In the first method, the ancient Greeks used small round brushes to paint images on pottery and walls. The second method used by the Greeks involved the use of a metal chisel and a mallet. The mallet was used to drive the metal chisel into stone tablets, creating early Greek letters. Around the beginning of the first century AD, the Romans began using styluses made of ivory, bone, or metal. The styluses were used to write on wax coated wooden tablets. This technique was used in schools. The wax made it possible to smooth out the tablet and start with a clean writing surface when necessary. For more permanent writings, the Romans used reeds dipped in ink to write on papyrus. Papyrus is a plant that was pressed together and dried to form sheets that

could be used like paper. The ancient Chinese developed their own methods for writing and recording

information. They used styluses or knives to engrave their messages on hard surfaces. On soft materials, they used a paint brush and ink. The Chinese invented India ink, which is a mixture of soot, lamp oil, and a gelatin made of donkey skin and musk.

In 56 B.C., Mediterranean people produced the quill pen. The quill pen was basically a large goose, swan, or crow feather that was dipped in ink and then used to draw images. Mediterranean people called this quill pen a penna, from the Latin word for feather. The word pen is derived from the Latin word penna that was used to...