Chapter 13 Review

AP Psychology Ch. 13

EMOTION

I. Theories of Emotion

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a. Emotion is a response of the whole organism that involves an interplay among:

i. Physiological arousal

ii. Expressive behavior

iii. Conscious experience

b. James-Lange Theory: states that our experience of an emotion is a consequence of our physiological response to a stimulus (increased heart rate at pending danger).

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c. The Cannon-Bard Theory: physiological response and subjective experience of emotion occur simultaneously. (Heart pounding and fear occur at the same time…one does not cause the other.)

d. Schacter’s Two-factor theory: toe experience emotion:

i. Physical arousal

ii. Cognitively label the arousal

e. Robert Zajonc: some simple emotional responses occur instantly before cognition. (We feel emotion before we think.)

f. Research reveals:

i. Even stimuli too brief to perceive or recall can be preferred.

ii. Some neural pathways involved in emotion bypass the cortical areas involved in thinking.

iii. Some emotional responses (simple likes, dislikes and fears) involve no conscious thinking.

iv. Complex emotions (moods such as depression) are greatly affected by our interpretations, memories and expectations.

g. Emotional Valence: placing emotions along the dimensions of pleasant versus unpleasant and high vs. low arousal.

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i. Emotional arousal is energizing rather than threatening (as seen in more successful exam takers).

ii. “Terrified” is more frightened than “afraid”.

iii. “Delighted” is happier than"happy”.

II. Embodied Emotion

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a. Physiological changes during emotional arousal:

i. The sympathetic nervous system automatically mobilizes the body for fight or flight.

ii....