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The University of Sydney

HOW TO WRITE A PAPER, REPORT, ESSAY, OR THESIS AT THE INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS STUDIES

Requirements and Guidelines for Structure, Layout, Attachments, Binding, Referencing, and the Issue of Plagiarism

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies

November 2003

Synopsis

This document provides a set of requirements, guidelines, and suggestions to help staff and students in the Institute of transport and logistics studies to prepare papers, reports, essays, and theses. It covers content and structure, layout requirements, headings, titles, lists, capitalisation, the referencing system, and binding. It also provides some rules and hints on improving writing. The document also contains a fairly complete treatment of exactly how to apply Harvard Referencing, according to current standards.

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 FORMAL REQUIREMENTS 1

2.1 Report Structure 1

2.2 Headings 3

2.2.1 Level 1 Heading 3

2.2.2 Level 2 Heading 4

2.2.3 Level 3 Heading 4

2.2.4 Level 4 Heading 4

2.2.5 Level 5 Heading 5

2.2.6 Level 6 Heading 5

2.2.7 Title 5

2.2.8 Appendices 5

2.2.9 Examples of Title and Headings 6

2 LEVEL 1 HEADING 6

2.1 Level 2 Heading 6

2.1.1 Level 3 Heading 6

2.3 Report Layout 7

2.3.1 Paper and Margins 7

2.3.2 Text 7

2.3.3 Pagination 8

2.3.4 Cross Referencing 8

2.3.5 Bullets and Numbering 8

2.3.6 Tables and Graphs 9

2.3.7 Spelling and Grammar 10

2.4 Unit of Study Cover Sheet and Other Attachments 10

2.5 Binding 11

3 REFERENCING 11

3.1 Harvard Referencing System 11

3.2 Plagiarism 12

4 IMPROVING REPORT WRITING 12

4.1 Punctuation 12

4.2 Opening a Sentence 14

4.3 Constructing a Sentence 14

4.4 Some Specific Word Uses 14

4.5 Language 17

4.6 Latin Phrases 17

4.7 Numbers in Text 18

4.8 Metric Values 18

4.9 Use of Future and Past Tenses 18...