Western Civ Studys

Niccolo Machiavelli

* Italian historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He is one of the main founders of modern political science.

Huguenots

* members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th centuries. Since the 17th century, people who formerly would have been called Huguenots have instead simply been called French Protestants, a title suggested by their German co-religionists, the Calvinists. French Protestants were inspired by the writings of John Calvin in the 1530s, and they were called Huguenots by the 1560s. By the end of the 17th century, roughly 200,000 Huguenots had been driven from France during a series of religious persecutions. They relocated primarily to Protestant nations including England, Ireland, Denmark, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg, Electoral Palatinate (both Holy Roman Empire), and the Duchy of Prussia, and also to South Africa and North America.

Philip (Filipe) II/Spanish Armada

* Married to Mary (queen of England) from 1554 to 1558, Leader of the Spanish Empire, an empire of religious uniformity, bureaucratic uniformity, and Castillian domination.

Philip (Filipe) III/Moriscos

* Moriscos is one of the largest merchant communities in Spain, made up by jews and muslims that converted to Christianity rather than fleeing Spain. The duque de Lerma, under Philip III’s rule, released an inquisition that killed off the two largest merchant communities in Spain, Moriscos and Marranos.

Philip (Filipe) IV/Duke of Olivares

* Duke of Olivares was raised into nobility by Philip IV. Faced with a crisis of money, Olivares launches Spain into the 30 Year’s War against France. In order to pay for this war, Olivares centralizes power in the crown so he can tax at a higher rate.

Council of Trent/Jesuits

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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

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Henry (Henri) IV/Duke of Sully

* The Duke of Sully was the ‘bad cop’ to...