Business 610

Specify the Two Basic Functions of Feedback and Three Sources of Feedback.Define upward feedback and 360. In the 1980s, a movement started that focused on evaluation of employees and managers for strengths and productivity. Prior to that period, no specific technique was being used. Both managers and employees are evaluated on their performance and productivity through evaluation methods such as upward feedback and 360 degree feedback.Many organizations use upward feedback as a type of manager assessment. This method of evaluation is only applicable to managers who have three or more direct reports. The minimum number of reports allows for a variation of the views about the manager's performance and gives a more complete portrait of the situation.In an upward assessment, a manager's direct reports fill out surveys that ask questions regarding the person's performance. The data is analyzed with the help of a consultant, who might be external. The consultant corrects misunderstandings, focuses the manager's attention on interpretation rather than blame and then guides the conversation toward actionable improvement steps. Generally, managers should receive upward assessments at least every four years to allow for tracking of improvements and milestones and ensure other issues have not crept up.Upward feedback is when employees evaluate the person above them; 360-degree feedback is an accumulation of feedback from individuals who work or interact with the employee, including peers, managers, and subordinates (Kinicki & Krietner 2009).The 360 degree evaluation method is a multi-rater feedback method that gathers information from a person's subordinates, colleagues and managers about the person's management style and performance. Normally, 360 degree feedback is for professional development purposes and not as part of a performance appraisal.The 360 degree feedback is best when all members of the same team are participating. When a whole team goes through the...