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LECTURE 4:
Learning Objectives
Processor Technology and
Architecture
Describe CPU components.
Describe the function of general-purpose and
special-purpose registers.
Describe CPU instruction and execution cycles.
Explain how primitive CPU instructions are
how primitive CPU instructions are
combined to form complex processing operations.
Describe the key CPU design features, including
instruction format, word size, and clock rate.
Compare and contrast CISC and RISC CPUs.
Explain methods of enhancing processor
performance
CIS410/CIS510
Hardware and Software Architecture
Fall 2012
Instructor: Dr. Song Xing
Department of Information Systems
California State University, Los Angeles
Hardware and Software Architecture
2
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Components
Outline
CPU components
CPU operation
Instructions
CPU architecture
CPU performance
Hardware and Software Architecture
3
Hardware and Software Architecture
4
1
CPU in a Simple Computer
CPU: 3 Major Components
ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
Performs calculations and comparisons (data
changed)
CU (control unit)
Moves data to and from CPU registers and other
hard
hardware components (no change in data)
components (no change in data)
Accesses program instructions and issues
commands to the ALU
Registers
Storage locations that hold inputs and outputs for
the ALU
Example: Program counter (PC) or instruction
pointer determines next instruction for execution
Hardware and Software Architecture
5
Concept of Registers
Hardware and Software Architecture
6
Register Types
(general-purpose registers) Scratchpad for
currently executing program
Small, permanent storage locations
within the CPU used for a particular
purpose
Manipulated directly by the Control Unit
Wired for specific function
Size in bits or bytes (not MB like
memory)
Can hold data, an address or an
instruction
Hardware and Software Architecture
The...