Extra Credit History Answers

CHAPTER 10: ISLAM VERSUS CHRISTENDOM

PEOPLE

1. Mohammed-Mohammed was the founder of the religion Islam, who claimed to receive visions from the angel Gabriel.

2. Urban II- This was the pope who in 1095 proclaimed the beginning of the crusade, holy wars to re-conquer Roman control of the holy land.

3. Saladin- Saladin was the sultan of Egypt that leads the Muslims to regaining control of the holy land.

4. Richard the Lion-Hearted- Was the English King that joined Frederick Barbarossa and Philip Augustus in the third crusade, the Crusade of the Kings.

5. Mohammed II- Lead the Ottoman Turks in capturing Constantinople.

TERMS

1. Bedouins- These were Arabic nomads.

2. Black Stone- This is a meteorite that was worshipped as a god in the religious building called the Kaaba.

3. Allah- Arabic word for god.

4. Hegira- The “flight” taken by Mohammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib.

5. Jihad- This word originally meaning “striving in the way of the Lord”, is the Arabic word used by Muslims for a holy war.

6. Islam- This is the name of the religion founded by Mohammed, their god is Allah.

7. Muslims- These are the followers of Mohammed, his religion, and their god Allah.

8. Koran- This is the holy book of the religion Islam.

9. Caliphs- This is the name used for Mohammed’s successors.

10. Battle of Tours- This is the battle where Charles Martel, a Carolingian Mayor of Palace met and defeated the Muslims at battle in Poitier.

11. Crusades- These are the “holy wars”, started by Pope Urban II with the intention of re-conquering the holy land from the infidels.

CHAPTER 11: FROM EMPIRE TO FEUDALISM

TERMS

1. Franks- meaning “free” the Franks were a Germanic tribe.

2. Mayors of Palace- This is the name used to describe the officials who took over the duties of the Merovingian kings after they lost interest in ruling.

3. Donation of Pepin- This refers to the strip of land taken from the Lombards by Pepin and given to the pope, this strip...