Anatomy Unit 1 Study Guide

Unit 1 Study Guide

1. Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and physiology is the study of the function of body parts. An example of their relationship is anatomy studies what the heart is, what it is made of and where it is but physiology studies how the heart works and why.

2. Atoms (Ex. C or O) combine with another to form molecules. Molecules (Ex. CO2) combine with another to form macromolecules. Macromolecules (Ex. Proteins) combine to form organelles. Organelles (Ex. nucleus) collectively compose cells (Ex. muscle cell). Similar cells are arranged into tissue (Ex. muscle). Two or more tissues combine to form organs (Ex. heart). Two or more organs combine to form organ systems (Ex. cardiovascular). The eleven organ systems collectively form an organism (Ex. Human).

3. Integumentary: Function (protection, regulation of body temperature, synthesis of Vitamin D) and major organs (Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands). Skeletal: Function (support, protection, movement, Ca++ store, hematopoiesis) and major organs (Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilages). Muscular: Function (movement, heat production) and major organs (Skeletal Muscles). Nervous: Function (coordination of body parts; control) and major organs (Brain, spinal cord, nerves). Endocrine: Function (maintenance of homeostasis) and major organs (Endocrine Glands that secrete hormones). Cardiovascular: Function (transport of nutrients, wastes, O2 and CO2) and major organs (Heart, blood vessels). Lymphatic: Function (to fight infection) and major organs (Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen). Respiratory: Function (exchange of gases (O2 and CO2), maintenance of blood pH and electrolytes) and major organs (oral cavity, nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes within lungs, alveoli). Urinary: Function (removal of metabolic wastes from blood, maintenance of blood pH and electrolytes) and major organs (kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra). Digestive: Function...