Anatomy and Physiology

1.2.3. Study Guide

1. Anatomy – the study of the structure and shape of the body and it’s parts

Physiology – study of how the body and it’s parts work or function

2. Chemical level - Atoms combine to form molecules

Cellular level - cells are made up of molecules

Tissue level - tissues consist of similar types of cells

Organ level - organs are made up of different types of tissues

Organ system level - organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

Organism level - human organisms are made up of many organ systems

3. Integumentary- skin. Forms the external body covering

Skeletal – bones, joints, cartilages. Protects and supports body organs

Muscular - skeletal muscles. Allows locomotion, maintains posture, produces heat

Nervous – brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord, nerves. Fast acting control system. Responds to internal and external change

Endocrine – pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis (male) ovary (female). Secrets regulatory hormones, growth, reproduction, metabolism

Cardiovascular – heart, blood vessels. Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart. (Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes)

Lymphatic – thoracic duct, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels. Return fluid to blood vessels. Dispose of debris, involved in immunity

Respiratory – nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, left lung. Keeps blood supplied w/ oxygen. Removes carbon dioxide

Digestive – oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum, anus. Breaks down food, Allows for nutrient absorption into blood

Urinary – kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes, Maintains acid-base balance, regulation of materials, water and electrolytes

Reproductive – Male: seminal vesicles, penis, prostate gland, vas deferens, testis, scrotum. Female: mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina. Production of offspring

4. Maintain boundaries,...