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General Biology
Exam I Review Sheet
Chapters 1-6
Chapter 1
• Hierarchy of life
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community (all organisms and nonliving factors)
Population
Organisms
Organ systems
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
• 3 domain system
o Eukaria: protists, plants, fungi, animals
o Bacteria: eubacteria
o Archaea archaebacteria
• prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic: simpler and smaller cells
no membrance bound organelles, all single celled
Eukaryotic: more advanced / complex cells, true nucleus, membrane bound organelles, mostly multicelled
• How organism are named (binomial system) and categorized (domain, kingdom phylum etc….)
o Domain
o Kingdom
o Phylum
o Class
o Order
o Family
o Genus
o Species
• How organisms get their energy – chemotrophs, phototrophs
Chemotrophs: get energy from another source
Chemoorganitroph: organic chemicals for energy (glucose, fructose, sucrose)
Chemolithotrophs: inorgranic chemicals for energy (iron, sulfur)
Phototrophs: get energy from sun to make ATP
Chapter 2
• Different types of chemical bonds
o Covalent bonds: strongest chemical bond, equally shared electrons (inner shell)
o Ionic bonds: not as strong as covalent, need to fill outer shells
o Hydrogen bonds: weakest bonds
• Why is water so important
Chapter 3
• What we mean by the terms monomer and polymer,
Monomer: single subunit
Polymer: a chain of monomers (macromolecules)
• What are carbohydrates? Their monomers and polymers/Their functions/Examples of mono and disaccharides/The different...