Submitted by: Submitted by ritikarao008
Views: 125
Words: 558
Pages: 3
Category: Business and Industry
Date Submitted: 11/06/2013 09:41 PM
Controlling as a management function involves following steps:
Establishment of standards- Standards are the plans or
the targets which have to be achieved in the course of
business function. They can also be called as the criterions
for judging the performance. Standards generally are
classified into two-
Measurable or tangible - Those standards which can
be measured and expressed are called as measurable
standards. They can be in form of cost, output,
expenditure, time, profit, etc.
a.
Non-measurable or intangible- There are standards
which cannot be measured monetarily. For exampleperformance
of a manager, deviation of workers,
their attitudes towards a concern. These are called as
intangible standards.
b.
Controlling becomes easy through establishment of these
standards because controlling is exercised on the basis of
these standards.
1.
Measurement of performance- The second major step in controlling is to measure the performance.
Finding out deviations becomes easy through measuring the actual performance. Performance levels are
sometimes easy to measure and sometimes difficult. Measurement of tangible standards is easy as it can be
expressed in units, cost, money terms, etc. Quantitative measurement becomes difficult when performance
of manager has to be measured. Performance of a manager cannot be measured in quantities. It can be
measured only by-
Attitude a. of the workers,
b. Their morale to work,
c. The development in the attitudes regarding the physical environment, and
d. Their communication with the superiors.
It is also sometimes done through various reports like weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly reports.
2.
Comparison of actual and standard performance- Comparison of actual performance with the planned
targets is very important. Deviation can be defined as the gap between actual performance and the planned
targets. The manager has to find out two things here- extent of deviation and cause of deviation. Extent of...