Case Study Jones

1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall? The two parameters for creating fluid movement across the capillary wall are blood pressure (hydrostatic pressure) and water pressure (osmotic pressure).

2. Draw a diagram of a capillary and label arteriole at one end and venule at the other. With pressure on the vertical axis, draw two lines to show how the two parameters (see question above) vary along the length of the capillary.

3. Under normal circumstances, what components of the blood cross the capillary wall? Interstitial fluid travels across capillary walls. Water and other small solutes can also diffuse across the wall but blood cells cannot.

4. Cytokines, like histamine and leukotriene, are secreted by damaged cells in Dave’s ankle. How do these cytokines cause inflammation? Cytokines from injured cells induce the expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells, which functions similarly to P-selectin.

5. How does the application of ice to the ankle affect blood flow through the capillaries? The application of ice causes constriction of the capillaries. This decreases the blood flow to the ankle and reduces swelling.

6. How does the removal of ice from the ankle affect blood flow through the capillaries and the cytokines? This will return the blood flow and cytokines to normal. The blood flow will increase.

7. How does compression, which is provided by an elastic (Ace) bandage wrapped around the damaged ankle decrease inflammation? The ace bandage will physically constrict the blood vessels of the ankle. This will in turn reduce inflammation and pain.

8. How does elevation of the damaged ankle decrease inflammation?