Unit 1 Study Guide Anatomy

WEEK 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and explain their relationship using an example of a human structure with its corresponding function.

• Anatomy-study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

• Physiology-study of how the body and its parts function

• Ex: Muscles (anatomy) allow locomotion (physiology).

2. List, in order from least to most complex, the levels of structural organization, discuss the relationship between the levels, and name an example at each level.

• Chemical level (atoms)

▪ Atoms form molecules which make up cells.

• Cellular level (cell)

▪ A group of cells form tissue.

• Tissue level (smooth muscle tissue)

▪ Two or more tissues will make an organ.

• Organ level (heart)

▪ Organs will function for a specific organ system to accomplish a common purpose.

• Organ system level (circulatory)

▪ Organs will make up a human body.

• Organismal level (human organisms)

3. List the 11 organ systems of the human organism, name the major organs within each, and give a general function for each system.

• Integumentary (skin) - Forms an external covering and protects deeper tissue from injury

• Skeletal (skeleton) – Protects and supports body organs

• Muscular (muscles: heart, tongue) – Will allow locomotion

• Nervous (brain, spinal cord) – Responds to internal and external change

• Endocrine (glands) – Secretes regulatory hormones

• Cardiovascular (heart, brain, lungs) – Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart

• Lymphatic (lymph nodes) – Returns fluids to blood vessels

• Respiratory (lungs) – Keeps blood supplied with oxygen

• Digestive (stomach, liver) – Will break down your food

• Urinary (kidneys) – Eliminates waste

• Reproductive (testes, ovaries) – Produces offspring

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