Music and Cinema, Global Practices

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Kathryn Kalinak Introduction

Film music has always been a global phenomenon, but until recently scholarship on film music has tended to focus on the United States. Moving images and music were paired from the outset in the United States, France, and Germany, but musical accompaniment materialized at screenings of moving pictures all over the world, if not initially, then within days, weeks, or months of film’s arrival. As an institutional practice, film music is a global phenomenon that developed in different ways across a variety of national cinemas. The citations in this bibliography in some way reflect this perspective: some are devoted exclusively to a film music practice outside the United States; some consider film music as a global phenomenon drawing examples from a variety of national cinemas; and some are simply not limited to examples drawn exclusively from Hollywood film. Separate bibliographies have been prepared for musicals (see the article “Musicals”) and for film music in the largest and most powerful film industry in the United States: Hollywood (see the article “Music and Cinema, Classical Hollywood”). And although music plays an important role in television and in other forms of audiovisual entertainment, such as music videos and computer gaming,...