The Four Function of Management

The Four Functions of Management

Management – in business  and organizations means to coordinate the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.

Management comprises:

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3. Directing

4. Controlling

Management

It includes:

* Management of business and profit making private and government run organizations.

* Management of non-profit making organizations.

* Management of trusts, societies, associations, charitable organizations.

* Management of governmental organizations.

* Management of NGOs.

* Management of educational organizations e.g. universities, colleges, schools.

* Management of day care units.

* Management of hospitals and other health care organizations.

* Management of sports related organizations and clubs.

* Management of religious organizations.

I. Planning

* is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal.

* "Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen"

* Koontz and O'Donnel.

* Planning is decision making process.

* It is making decisions on future course of actions.

* Planning involves taking decisions on vision, mission, values, objectives, strategies and policies of an organization.

* Planning is done for immediate, short term, medium term and long term periods.

* It is a guideline for execution/implementation.

* It is a measure to check the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization.

The process of planning involves:

* Gathering Information

* Laying down objectives

* Developing Planning premises

* Examining alternative courses of action

* Evaluation of action patterns

* Reviewing limitations

* Implementation...