Skeletal Review

1. List and describe the 5 functions of the skeletal system

~Shape and structure: framework and support for the body.

~Protection: shields our internal organs. Protects them from damage when hit.

~Blood cell production: bone marrow produces new blood cells and repairs damaged ones.

~Movement: muscle connection.

~Mineral storage

Support: Provides structure for the entire body.

Protection: Bones cover soft tissue. Ribs protect the heart. Skull protects the brain.

Movement: Skeletal muscle pulls on the bone it is attached to.

Blood Cell Production: Red bone marrow makes red and white blood cells.

Mineral Storage: Stores minerals.

2. Describe the roles of the three types of bone cells in terms of calcium uptake and release and how PTH and Calcitonin affect them.

Osteoblast: edge of spongy bone that puts Ca/P in the bone. Calcitonin increases Ca/P uptake and PTH decreases Ca/P uptake.

Osteocyte: inside compact bones that put Ca/P in the bone. Calcitonin increases Ca/P uptake and PTH decreases Ca/P uptake.

Osteoclast: edge of spongy bone that takes Ca/P out of the bone. Calcitonin decreases the Ca/P release from bone and PTH increases Ca/P release from bone.

3. Define the role of bone remodeling in maintaining calcium homeostasis.

1. Hormonal disorders

2. Bone is formed using the Osteoblast to add calcium and phosphorus

3. Bone is broken down using the Osteoclasts  to take Ca+2 and P out of bone and into the blood stream for use in muscle contractions and nerve impulses

4. Remodeling occurs at different rates for different bones.

5. If stress is placed on bones then remodeling will make the bones more dense

6. If there is no stress to bone they will be remodeled thinner

7. Osteoporosis is a hormonal disorder where the body is being told to remodel the bone with thin walls making them weaker (and more brittle)

1. Compact bone

8. How the following systems are related in...