Hes Exercise Lab

HES 403 Exam 2

Study Questions

Draw a graph that illustrates whole-body oxygen consumption as an individual progresses from rest, to 45 min bout of exercise at 60% VO2max, and through a complete recovery phase. Explain what is occurring during each of these stages in relation to ATP and oxygen supply and demand.

Explain 4 ways that metabolic substrates (“fuels”) are made available to working muscles during prolonged aerobic exercise. What hormones contribute to these effects?

What is the primary effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the cardiopulmonary system during exercise? What is “sympatholysis” and why is it necessary to increase blood flow to working muscles during exercise?

What happens to LV preload during the early stages of progressive aerobic exercise? How does this affect cardiac output? What factors contribute to this response?

Aging is often associated with a downregulation or insensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors in the cardiovascular system and a stiffening of left ventricle. Explain how these changes will affect the components of cardiac output at rest and during exercise.

What are the 3 primary factors that facilitate increases in whole body VO2 during exercise? How do catecholamines contribute to each of the processes?

Explain why an exercise RER of 1.0 would be expected to be associated with a greater rate of ventilation than an RER of 0.8? (be sure to include chemoreceptors and the medulla in your answer).

Describe how and why PO2, PCO2 and blood pressure change as blood travels from the left to right ventricle.