Nervous System Study Guide

Anatomy review for the nervous system - Week 12 Study Guide

1. Distinguish the difference between neuron, neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, neurofibrils, and astrocytes.

Neuron: Masses of nerve cells in nervous tissue

Neuroglial Cells: Provide neurons physiological requirements

Schwann Cells: Larger axons of peripheral neurons enclosed in sheaths

Neurofibrils: Thin, long fibrils that run through body of neuron and extends to axon and dendrites

Astrocytes: cells found between neurons. Provide structural support

2. What is the difference between dendrites and axons?

Dendrites are short, branched fibers and the neuron’s main receptive surface. Carries impulses to the cell body. Usually multiple dendrites per cell body

Axons are slight elevations of the cell body, they carry nerve impulses away from the cell body. only one per cell body

3. What color does myelin (the lipid-protein layers that form a sheath around an axon) appear?

White

4. What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

Central/peripheral

5. What are 3 functions of the nervous system?

To detect changes inside and outside of the body

To make decisions based on whatever info they receive

To stimulate muscle of glands to respond to the info

6. What is the junction between 2 communicating neurons called?

The synapse

7. What are the simplest nerve pathways called?

The reflex arc

8. Put the following in the correct sequence to identify the path a reflex arc takes: effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, receptor, interneuron.

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

9. What are the membranes called that are located between the bone and soft tissue of the nervous system?

Meninges

10. There are 3 layers of membranes of the nervous system. Name them in order starting with the outer layer.

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

11. Between what 2 layers is the CSF found?

Between the arachnoid and pia mater

12. In a spinal tap, between which...