Unit 12 Study Guide Anatomy

Anatomy review for the nervous system - Week 12 Study Guide- Cassie Mussen

1. Distinguish the difference between neuron, neuroglial cells, Schwann cells, neurofibrils, and astrocytes.

Neurons- the structural and functional cells reacting to the physical and chemical changes in their environment

Neuroglial Cells- the supporting cells necessary for nourishing and maintaining the neurons, among other functions

Astrocytes- star-shaped cells located between neurons and blood vessels

Schwann Cells- The cell that wraps around a nerve fiber to form a protective myelin sheath

Neurofibrils- A fibril in the cytoplasm of a nerve cell, visible by light microscopy

2. What is the difference between dendrites and axons?

Dendrites- transmit signals into the cell body

Axons- transmit signals away from the cell body

3. What color does myelin (the lipid-protein layers that form a sheath around an axon) appear?

Myelin is normally white

4. What are the 2 main parts of the nervous system?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

5. What are 3 functions of the nervous system?

Sensory Neurons receive information from the sensory receptors, interneurons transfer and interpret impulses, and motor neurons send appropriate impulses/instructions to the muscles and glands

6. What is the junction between 2 communicating neurons called?

Synapse

7. What are the simplest nerve pathways called?

The reflex arc

8. Put the following in the correct sequence to identify the path a reflex arc takes: effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, receptor, interneuron.

Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector

9. What are the membranes called that are located between the bone and soft tissue of the nervous system?

Meninges

10. There are 3 layers of membranes of the nervous system....