Case Study 1a

Case Study 1A

(Before class)

What Did You Learn?

1. One of the general functions of the endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis of blood composition and volume. Identify the hormones that regulate the following: (a) blood glucose, (b) blood calcium, and (c) blood sodium.

Blood glucose: GH, cortisol

Blood calcium: PRL, calcitonin, parathyroid

Blood sodium: aldosterone

2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones. This is an example of what type of stimulation: (a) hormonal, (b) humoral, or (c) nervous?

Hormonal

3. Identify which of the following hormone categories is lipid-soluble: (a) reproductive hormones produced in the gonads, (b) adrenal cortex hormones, and (c) thyroid hormone

Lipid-soluble hormones – (steroid and thyroid hormones) act on receptors inside the cell, which directly activate genes, travel in blood stream attached to plasma proteins

Reproductive hormones produced in the gonads and thyroid hormones

4. What two events or processes associated with a hormone are influenced by whether a hormone is lipid-soluble or water-soluble?

5. Why are carrier proteins necessary for lipid-soluble hormones?

Increase solubility, prevents their excretion, and creates a reserve

6. What is the relationship of hormone synthesis to the concentration of that hormone in the blood?

Hormone synthesis relates to the concentration of that hormone in the blood by that it depends whether the concentrations of that hormone are too high or too low, leading to the amount of that hormone that should be synthesized. 

7. Where are lipid-soluble hormone receptors located? What is the general cellular change that occurs with binding of a lipid-soluble hormone?

8.

Cytoplasm of the cell or within the nucleus of the cell

When these hormones bind to their receptors, this signals the cell to synthesize more or less mRNA from a gene or genes, which then results in more or less...