Qfjwe Fqwefwq

Unit 10: Personality (Expanded)

Based on AP Psychology/Summary Outline for 2010

(5-7%)

Martin A. Anderson, Ph.D.

X. Personality • Major theories and approaches to personality and their implications for: o understanding normal and abnormal personality; the assessment of personality; models of personality development; treatment of dysfunctional behavior • Research in personality: o methods used (such as: case studies and surveys); differences among research orientations; strengths and weaknesses of each approach • Assessment techniques: o personality inventories, projective techniques, behavioral observations (reliability and validity of these techniques) • The self – self-concept and self-esteem (how assessed; how related to individual’s functioning) A. Personality Theories and Approaches Psychoanalytic Theory Freud (Unconscious, Personality Structure [id, ego, superego], Stages of Personality Development, Defense Mechanisms) Jung, Adler, Horney, Trait Theory Allport’s Trait Theory (Central traits, secondary traits) Cattell’s Factor analysis Approach (16PF) Eysenck’s Biological Trait Theory (Psychoticism, IntroversionExtraversion, Emotionality-Stability) Big-Five or five-factor Model of Personality Humanistic Approach Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective Social-cognitive Approach Rotter’s Expectancy Theory (Locus of Control) Bandura and Reciprocal Determinism (Self-efficacy) Mischel’s Person-Situation Theory Survey Factor Analysis Nomothetic – Personality Scales (Trait Scales) Idiographic – Case Studies Projective Techniques (Rorschach, TAT) Objective Tests (MMPI) Empirically Derived Tests (MMPI) Coping skills Problem-focused coping (Confronting, seeking social support, problem solving) Emotion-focused coping (Self-control, distancing, positive Reappraisal, accepting responsibility, escape/avoidance)

B. Assessment Techniques

C. Growth and Adjustment

Handout: Identifying Defense Mechanisms

Listed below are examples...