Short Answer Essay

1. What are the main steps to perform when identifying business requirements using the use case approach?

There are four basic types of use care relationships: communicates, includes, extends, and generalizes. Notice that all these terms are action verbs. Communications is an actor that is connected to a use case using a lone with no arrowheads. Includes is a use case that contains a behavior that is common to more than one other use case. The arrow points to the common use case. Extends is a different case handles exceptions from the basic use case. The arrow points from the extended to the basic use case. Generalizes is one UML “thing” that is more general than another “thing.” The arrow points to the general “thing” (Kendall & Kendall, 2014, p. 32).

2. Describe how an organization's structure and culture affect the design of an information system.

Organization’s Structure

Management in organizations exists on three horizontal levels: operational control, managerial planning and control, and strategic management. Each of the three management levels has different implications for developing information systems. Some of the information requirements for managers are clear-cut, whereas others are fuzzy and overlapping.

Operations managers need internal information that is of a repetitive, low-level nature. They are highly dependent on information that captures current performance, and they are large users of online, re-time information resources. The need of operations managers for past performance information and periodic information is only moderate. They have little use for external information that allows future projections.

On the next management level, middle mangers are in need of both short- and longer-term information. Due to the troubleshooting nature of their jobs, middle managers experience extremely high needs for information in real time. To control properly, they also need current information on performance as measured against set standards....