Cubesat

CUBESAT Attitude Control Systems and Components for Innovative Space Mission Solutions

Lakshya Vaibhav Datta1, Ugur Guven2

Aerospace Engineering Dept., University of Petroleum and Energy Studies PO and Vill. Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, INDIA 1 lakshyavdatta@gmail.com , 2drguven@live.com

With the advents in space technology, the concept of sending nanosatellites, and specifically Cubesats, has become quite common for universities and research institutions all across the world. One of the most important subsystems of a Cubesat is its Attitude and Orbit Control System. This system is responsible for maintaining the optimum orientation of the Cubesat in orbit with respect to the Earth. Even though the angular motion of the Cubesat does not affect its trajectory; solar winds, solar pressure torques, drag forces due to residual atmosphere or simply motion of internal mechanical parts lead to angular destabilization of the Cubesat while in orbit. There is a growing need to better the available AOCS in order to increase accuracy of experimental data collected by the Cubesat. Better systems will help in better remote sensing and weather forecasting while maintaining continuous communication between the Cubesat and the ground station. Another advantage of a versatile AOCS is the ability to perform complex orbital maneuvers for space debris removal. This paper discusses the importance of the AOCS and the various methodologies used in order to control the orientation of the Cubesat while it is in orbit. The main components of the Attitude and Orbital Control System include Sun sensors, Earth sensors, Momentum wheels, Magnetic torquers, Thrusters, Solar arrays, Trim tab positioners. This paper elaborates on each of the above. Furthermore, it discusses the causes for loss of orientation control while the Cubesat orbits the Earth and ways to reduce these effects for a more controlled and safe operational environment. Specific examples are also given for various case...