Gum Life Cycle

Life Cycle Map – package of gum

Stage of life cycle | IMPACTS |

| Land & ocean degradation/ habitat destruction | Potentially hazardous material | Energy use | Water use | Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) | Other emissions | SolidWastes |

Raw materials | -mining of bauxite causes land degrade-foresty causes habitat destruction | -production of aluminum creates potentially hazardous chemicals-chemical engineering of gum base, artificial color, flavour and glycerin causes potential health issues | -production of aluminum is highly energy intensive-chemincal engineering requires excessive heat and energy | -wet milled corn (for corn syrup)requires a large quantity of water | -production of aluminum emitts a lot of GHG | -aluminum smelting-production of glyerin creates bio-diesel by-product | -aluminum production-chemical wastes |

Production/ Manufacture | | | -excessive amount of heat and energy needed to blend, melt, dry, and flatten-high speed process requires excessive energy | -coolingg chamber needs water to cool | -GHG from energy used in manufacturing | | |

Sale & distribution | -use of fuel for trucks, planes boats etc. | | -energy for vehicles for transport | | -GHG from transport | -fuel emissions from vehicles | |

Use | | -chemicals in gum impose cancerous health issues in consumers | | | -GHG from driving to buy from store | | |

End of life | | | | | | | -gum litter-package litter |

Key impact

IMPACT | STRATEGY | FURTHER WORK NEEDED |

Chemical Engineering on gum base, articificial flavour and glycerin | 1. Source natural ingredients like mastice, natural flavours | -Addition cost incurred and where to source the ingredients |

Land degrade and habitate destruction from mining bauxite and forestry for packaging | 2. Standardize gum packaging to exclude the use of aluinum foil 3.Standard gum packaging to exlclude plastic4. Use recycled paper products to package gum | -Negotiation with packaging...