Water

1.Introduction

Kuwait is an Arab countries in western Asia that is located in the northeast of the Arabian peninsula. And its neighboring countries are Iraq that located in the north of Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia that situated in the south of Kuwait. Especially, Kuwait is a coastal country (see Figure 1). Moreover, Kuwait has a rich oil reserves that ranking fifth in the world (Oil & Gas, 2007), however, in 2012 about water risk, it was in the top ten (see Figure 2).

[pic]Figure 1: Location of Kuwait map (outsidethebeltway.com, 2011)

Figure 2 shows severe water stress in the world in 2012. In particular, Kuwait ranked third about a extreme risk of water resource. Moreover, there is a large of areas the desert such as the Sahara desert, the Arabian Desert, which is threat the region.[pic]

Figure 2: water stress 2012 ( maplecroft.com, 2012)

Furthermore, rainfall capacity of the region is rarely. According to Figure 3, it show infrequent rain in the Arabian peninsula. For climate, its characteristic is high temperatures in the summer, and a daily temperature can reach nearly 50°C ( World Meteorological Organization). It is one of reasons about water shortage in this country (see Figure 2). It is located in an arid zone with a drought climate. It is due to the fact that it not enough fresh water to support this country using, although this place is around seawater.

[pic]

Figure 3: The Rainfall Capacity in the world in 2011 (LabSpace.open.ac.uk, 2011)

1.1 Aims

This report focuses on Kuwait which have a problem of water resource. The paper analyses two methods, based on cost, environmental impact and technology needed. Finally, a recommendation is given that wich method is suited to Kuwait.

1.2 Background

Since the beginning of time, water has been shaping the face of the earth. According to Figure 4, there is only 2.5% of fresh water in total global water which there are nearly 96.5% of oceans and 1.0% of other saline...