Anatomy and Physiology

Catabolism

ATP- Catabolism uses to process for energy, breaks down carbs

Anabolism

Breaks down elements consumed, breaking them down to form new materials and creating new compounds that your body needs

Metabolism

Catabolism + Anabolism

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The Digestive Tract

Oral Cavity- Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Anus

Accessory Organs- not part of GI tract but secretions aid in process

Salivary glands- saliva

Liver- bile

Gallbladder- bile

Pancreas- bicarbonate buffer solution to neutralize stomach acid and digestive enzymes (acts as tums)

Functions of GI Tract

Ingestion- putting food in mouth

Digestion- both begin in mouth

Mechanical (chewing)

Chemical

Secretion- Chemical that Digestive system secretes out, comes out of organ into food to help break down

Absorption- Once you’ve broken down food into simplest form, the nutrients get absorbed into the blood

Excretion- Elimination of material from the body

Digestive Tract Lining

Protects against corrosion, mechanical stress and infection

Digestive organs are lined with serous membranes lubricated by Peritoneal Fluid

Visceral peritoneum

Parietal peritoneum

Mesenteries

Double sheets of peritoneal membrane that connect parietal peritoneum with visceral peritoneum

Stabalize/suspend digestive organs

Five Major:

Lesser Omentum- Connects stomach to liver, holds stomach in place

Falciform Ligament- connects liver to inferior side of diaphragm

Great Omentum- Connects inferior side of stomach and drapes over the front of the small and large intestine (kind of like apron)

Mesentery Proper- holds small intestine in place, holds intestine to body wall

Mesocolon- Mesentery that holds large intestine in place

4 Digestive Tract Layers

Histological Organization

4 major layers of the digestive tract

Mucosa- inner most

Mucous Epithelium- inner most

Simple- 1 layer

Stratified- multiple layers

Lamina Propia- (its own layer)...