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family. This stems primarily from the economic and social organization of the country and extends to commonness of intellectual and emotional attachments and obligations. The details might vary from place to place, and from one caste to another, yet the sameness of the traditions on which all of them have been reared cannot be overlooked (Bose, 1967, p.9).

It is in this spirit that this chapter reports the India-specific findings of the GLOBE Research Project.

The following section attempts to describe the evolution of India's society and culture, concluding with a description of the current situation. It is followed by a brief description of leadership in India. The methodology of GLOBE research in India is described next, followed by presentation of the results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses. A brief note containing some basic information on India is at Appendix 1.

SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN INDIA

Any attempt at describing society and culture in India must begin with three assertions. One, though the political entity which is today known as India, formally came into being only fifty years ago, the broader region which has been the cradle for what is called Indian culture, society, and civilization, has long been a loose, informal confederation joined by an undefinable similarity of social and cultural customs and practices. It is therefore more accurate to refer to it as a cultural unit rather than a political entity. Two, the physical boundaries of this cultural unit have differed during various periods of history. The boundaries were almost never identical to what the boundaries of today's India are. The cultural unit in terms of geographical area, was almost always larger than what India is today. And lastly, India as it exists today, is a composite of multiple influences in a civilization which has continued to evolve for more than 5000 years. What may be termed as the culture of India today is the outcome of, or merely the current stage in, a...