Excavator

1.1 Introduction

An excavator is a heavy construction vehicle used to dig the soil or move the larger object from the ground. It is made up of two parts, a base driving and the powerful boom arm with attachment design. The power boom arm was consists of boom, stick, and bucket. The base driving is a cab on a rotating platform (known as the "house"). The house sits was located on top of an undercarriage with tracks or wheels. The house contains an engine, oil and fuel cylinders. The undercarriage has a motor and gears which assists in the movement of equipment. The base has a couple tracks that are attached to the side of the excavator. The tracks provide a larger surface area to operate like wheels to move the unit, and make it in a more stable base for the machine. The platform can rotate on top of the base between 180° and 360°. The house connects to the undercarriage through a cylindrical box enabled it to revolve smoothly at a 360 degrees angle.The sits of the operator inside a small cab was attached to the base and control the arm. The operator sits has two sets of controls. One set is moving the actual unit forward or backwards, and the other set is moving the unit on the horizontal plan and controls the arm. The speed of the movements and the angle of the arm and bucket along the vertical axis or straight upright were depend on human,

There are two kinds of excavators; a Cable-Operated Excavator and a Hydraulic Excavator. A cable-operated excavator, which is outdated practically, the winches and steel ropes were used by cable-operated excavator to accomplish the movements. A hydraulic excavator uses hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors to accomplish movement. Due to the linear actuation of hydraulic cylinders, their method of operation is fundamentally different from cable-operated excavators. Hydraulic machines are more efficient and faster than Cable-Operated Excavator.

There have some different type of excavator: Compact...