Study Guide for Quiz 1

Study Guide for Chapter 1, 2, Appendix A

Chapter 1/Appendix a

Key terms

Algorithm-the logical steps formulated to solve a problem

Binary-a numbering system that uses two digits, 0 and 1

Bit-derived from the term binary digits, they are the 0s and 1s a computer processor uses to store instructions

IPO (input-processing-output)-a method for determining the inputs, processes, and outputs an algorithm needs to solve a programming problem

Keywords-terms in pseudocode or a programming language that are reserved for special purposes

Constants-is a value that does not change while the program is running

* Ex. Constant TAXRATE = .06;

Programming-the process of formulating instructions to operate a digital computer

Software-a digital representation of instructions on the computer, including commands, modules, and programs

Syntax-the rules is pseudocode or a programming language for spacing, punctuation, indentation, and order of language elements

Concepts

ASCII vs Unicode

* ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)-A character-coding system that uses 8 bits too represent each character; 256 characters available

* Unicode-a character coding-system that uses 16 bits to represent each character and is capable of 65,536; developed to address a variety of alphabets

Declaring variables and variable types

* Variable-a name for a storage location in memory

* A variable must be declared by specifying a variable’s name; a variable can be declared and initialized in a single statement

* Ex. Declare String name = “George Washington”

* Identifiers for variable must:

* Begin with a letter or the underscore

* Begin with a lowercase letter

* Two types:

* String- have to put text in “ ”

* Ex. School = “VU”

* Numeric

* Ex. Age = 21

RAM vs. ROM

* RAM (random access memory)-is the temporary storage place for instructions and data while the computer is running...