Solubility Experiment 2 in Organic Labratory Techniques by Pavia

Solubility

Purpose: Solubility is one of the most important chemical principles that are studied in the organic chemistry lab. Understanding solubility helps predict what a chemical reaction will do. The purpose of this lab is to observe solutes being placed into solvents to see if they are soluble, insoluble, or partially soluble. Liquids will also be combined and observed to be miscible or immiscible.

Table of Chemicals:

Name Structure Formula mass (g/mol) Boiling point

(°C) Melting point

(°C) Density

(g/mL) Precautions

Benzophenone 182.2 305.4 48.5 1.11 Irritant, Dangerous for the environment, Harmful, Highly flammable

Methyl Alcohol 32.04 64.7 -98 .791 Harmful, Toxic, Highly flammable

Hexane 86.18 69 -95 .659 Highly flammable, Harmful, Dangerous for the environment

Malonic Acid 104.06 140 132-135 1.619 Harmful, Irritant

Biphenyl

154.21 255 68-70 .992 Irritant, Dangerous for the environment, Harmful, Highly flammable, Toxic

1-Octanol

130.23 196 -15 .827 Irritant

1-Butanol

74.12 117.6 -89 .81 Harmful, Toxic, Highly flammable

Ethyl Alcohol 46.07 78 -114 1.362 Flammable, Toxic, Harmful

Diethyl Ether 74.12 34.6 -116 .714 Extremely flammable, Harmful, Toxic

Methylene chloride 359.46 39.8-40 -97 1.325 Harmful

Benzoic Acid 122.12 249 121-125 1.08 Harmful, Toxic, Irritant

Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate 165.19 311 89-90 0.4 Toxic, Harmful, Irritant

Procedure:

Part A

1. Place about 40mg of benzophenone into four test tubes.

2. Label each test tube and add 1 mL of water to the first tube, 1 mL of methyl alcohol to the second tube, and 1 mL of hexane to the third tube.

3. Use the rounded end of a microspatula to stir each sample for 1 minute. Observe how long it takes each solid to dissolve if they do.

4. Determine if each sample is soluble, insoluble, or partially soluble.

5. Repeat steps 2-4 twice, substituting melonic acid and biphenyl for benzophenone.

Part B

1. Add 1 mL of solvent (water...