Chapter 13

Chapter-13

1. Why will the rational choice model not always work? Under what circumstances will it work?

Rational choice model not always work because sometimes differences are great, organization groups have separate interests, goals, and values. Disagreement and conflict are normal, so power and influence are needed to reach decisions.

When goals are in alignment, there is little differentiation, departments are characterized by pooled interdependence, and resources seem abundant, managers can use a rational model of organization. As with the rational approach to decision making, the rational model of organization is an ideal that is not fully achievable in the real world, though managers strive to use rational processes whenever possible. In the rational organization, behavior is not random or accidental. Goals are clear and choices are made in a logical way. When a decision is needed, the goal is defined, alternatives are identified, and the choice with the highest probability of success is selected. The rational model is also characterized by centralized power and control, extensive information systems, and an efficiency orientation.

2. What is empowerment? Describe the three elements that enable empowered employees to act more freely to accomplish their jobs.

Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization. Increasing employee power heightens motivation for task accomplishment because people improve their own effectiveness, choosing how to do a task and using their creativity.

Empowering employees involves giving them three elements that enable them to act more freely to accomplish their jobs: information, knowledge, and power.

1. Employees receive information about company performance. In companies where employees are fully empowered, all employees have access to all financial and operational information.

2. Employees have knowledge and skills to contribute to company goals. Companies...