Bio 240- Dna and Protein Systhensis

DNA and Protein Synthesis

Shenika Montgomery

BIO/240

October 27, 2014

Howard Rubin

Structure of DNA and the steps of protein synthesis.

To describe DNA’s structure, it is a double helical and consists of two strands. These strands run in reversed directions. Through the aid of the sugar-phosphate backbone, the DNA molecules’ two strands are linked together. DNA’s two strands are not parallel instead, bound together through the aid of the hydrogen bonding on the base pairs. Essentially, in the strands of DNA, there are four bases namely: Cytosine and Thymine (Pyrimidines) and Adenine and Guanine. Adenine and Guanine are all times bounded with each other as well as the Cytosine and Thymine. Between the A-T, there are two hydrogen bonds while for the G-C, there are three. Obviously, the interaction between the G-C is quite powerful compared to the A-T interaction. Therefore, A-T is possible for thermal variations.

DNA, Chromatin material, Gene and Chromosome:

Fundamentally, our genes are comprised of the nucleotides which can be found inside the DNA. On the other hand, Chromosomes are consists of Chromatin material which is comprised of DNA. With this, we can conclude that the two are interrelated with each other.

Use the following gene in protein synthesis:

Transcription is the initial step in the protein synthesis. At this step, the information that is in the molecule of DNA is replicated as RNA molecule which is known as the mRNA.

Translation is the next step. At this point, the mRNA gets into the cell’s cytoplasm in which, it is the ribosome which reads mRNA’s information. The read information will be used for the protein synthesis. By the time protein is properly gathered and folded, it will do its function and form the organism’s trait.

Polypeptide Chains and Polypeptide Chains

To respond on this question, let us make use of the work of Mandel in which, he cited that between the two traits, one of them is recessive and one is dominant. The...