A Case Study on Cardiac Anatomy

A Case Study on Cardiac Anatomy

1. Dr. Baker spends a long time listening to (auscultating) Caleb’s heart.

a. Where on the thoracic surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid),

pulmonary, and aortic valves?

i. The aortic valve is heard at the 2nd intercostal space at the right sternal border, the pulmonary valve is heard at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal border, the mitral valve is heard over the heart apex which is in the 5th intercostal space midclavicular line, and the tricuspid valve is heard in the right sternal border of the 5th intercostals space.

b. Where do you think would be the best place to auscultate Caleb’s abnormal heart

sound? Explain your answer.

ii. I think it would be Erb’s point because this would be right over where the murmur is happening.

2. Caleb has abnormal heart sounds that tipped the doctor off to a problem.

c. Name the normal sounds of the heart and indicate what causes these sounds.

iii. The two normal heart sounds are lub which is S1 and dub which is s2. S1 is caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves at the start of systole. S2 is caused by the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves, marking the end of systole.

d. In relation to the normal heart sounds, when would you expect to hear the abnormal sound Dr. Baker heard? Explain your awnser?

iv. You would expect to hear a swooshing noise in between S1 and S2.

3. The defect in Caleb’s heart allows blood to mix between the two ventricular chambers.

e. Due to this defect would you expect the blood to move from left-to-right ventricle or right-to-left ventricle during systole?

v. Left-to-right

f. Based on your understanding of blood pressure and resistance in the heart and great vessels, explain your answer to question 3a.

vi.

4. When an echocardiogram is performed, the technician color-codes oxygenated blood...