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Date Submitted: 12/09/2014 05:59 AM
BIOMECHANICS
Blood, circulation and hemodynamics
Fall 2014 BE 1225 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering C. Chuong
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Blood, circulation and hemodynamics
from Fluid dynamics to hemodynamics
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Fluid Dynamics in Engineering
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Complex vascular trees
- Discovery Channel
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Application of fluid dynamics in Biological systems
Blood flow in arteries, veins Airflow to and from lungs Lymphatic fluid flow .......
Application of fluid dynamics in medical devices
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From Campbell et al. 1999
Plasma 55% Constituent Water Major functions Solvent for carrying other substances Osmotic balance, pH buffering, and regulation of membrane permeability Separated blood elements Cell type
Cellular elements 45% Number per L (mm3) of blood 5,000–10,000 Functions Defense and immunity
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Ions (blood electrolytes) Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Chloride Bicarbonate Plasma proteins Albumin Fibrinogen
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils Osmotic balance, pH buffering Clotting Platelets
Monocytes 250,000–400,000 Blood clotting Transport of O2 and some CO2
Immunoglobulins Defense (antibodies) Substances transported by blood Nutrients Waste products Respiratory gases Hormones
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
5–6 million
From Campbell Biology 2011
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Blood consists of cells and plasma
Sizes (μm) Per 1 mm3 5M 5~8k 250~300 k
Cells
Erythrocytes (RBC) Leukocytes (WBC) Platelets
Major contents 1/600 1/800
7~10 50~60 2~3
·····
Plasma
Water Plasma protein Inorganic substances Organic substance 90% 7% 1% 1%
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Viscosity
Hematocirt - % volume of cells in blood Viscosity – What is Newtonian? Viscosity = (shear stress)/(shear rate) = constant
Whole...