Submitted by: Submitted by johnthetraptist
Views: 57
Words: 2196
Pages: 9
Category: Philosophy and Psychology
Date Submitted: 12/29/2014 02:53 PM
Premise
A statement in an argument that is being used to provide support for a conclusion
Conclusion
A statement that is supported by the premises
EXAMPLE
1) Some green things are colored things
2) Grass is green
3) Grass is a colored thing
In this instance, 2 and 3 (the premises) support 3 (the conclusion)
EXAMPLE
1) Either aliens exist or 2+1=20
2) 2+1 does not equal 20
3) Aliens exist
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* 1 and 2 support 3
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* Premise indicator words
Because
Since
In that
Given that/as indicated by
May be inferred
Owing to
Conclusion indicator words
Therefore
Implies that
So
We may infer
Hence
Thus
Two components of an argument
At least one of the statements must claim to provide evidence or reason
There must be a claim that the alleged evidence supports or implies something
The factual claim
Do the premises support the conclusion?
Are they true?
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* The inferential claim
Do the premises claim to present evidence?
Non-arguments
Warnings
Piece of advice
A statement of belief or opinion
Loosely associated statements
Statement about the same general stuff
Explanation – an expression that purports to shed light on an event
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* Conditional statements – “If…then…”
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* Deductive vs. Inductive
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* Deductive
100% guarantee to be true
Key words
Absolutely
Certainly
Inductive
Likely to be true
Key words
Probably
Plausible
Reasonable
Syllogism
A logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion
All men are mortal.
Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal
Hypothetical syllogism
Conditional statement for one or both of its premises
If I do not wake up, then I cannot go to work.
If I cannot go to work, then I will not get paid.
Therefore, if I do not wake up, then I will not get paid.
Examples
Because triangle A is congruent with triangle B, and triangle A is isosceles, it follows that triangle B is isosceles...