Chemistry

FINAL NOTES - Reviewer

AVT 117 (General Chemistry)

Instructor: Mary Michelle A. Guartico

Memorize the following conversions. These conversions will not be given in the final exam test paper.

K = °C + 273

1 cm3 (cubic centimeter) = 1 mL (milliliter)

1 dm3 (cubic decimeter) = 1 L (liter) = 1000 mL

Standard Conditions

0.00 °C = 273 K

1.00 atm = 760.0 mm Hg = 101.325 kPa = 101,325 Pa

The Four Gas Law Variables

Temperature, Pressure, Volume, and Moles

I) Volume

All gases must be enclosed in a container that, if there are openings, can be sealed with no leaks. The three-dimensional space enclosed by the container walls is called volume. When the generalized variable of volume is discussed, the symbol V is used.

Volume in chemistry is usually measured in liters (symbol = L) or milliliters (symbol = mL). A liter is also called a cubic decimeter (dm3).

Other units of volume do occur such as cubic feet (cu. ft. or ft3) or cubic centimeters (cc or cm3). The main point to remember is: whatever units of volume are used, use them all the way through the problem. If you must convert from one unit to another, make sure you do it correctly.

When the volume goes up, that wall slides out. When the volume goes down, the wall slides in. This is VERY IMPORTANT to remember. Imagine the seal of the movable wall to be perfect so no gas escapes.

If the volume is constant, then the container is made with thick, rigid walls that cannot move. If the pressure increased too much, the walls would break, destroying the experiment. However, within the limits of any experiment discussed, the walls remain fixed and the volume stays constant

II) Temperature

All gases have a temperature, usually measured in degrees Celsius (symbol = °C). Note that Celsius is capitalized since this was the name of a person (Anders Celsius). When the generalized variable of temperature is discussed, the symbol T is used.

There is another temperature scale which is very important in...