Anand

Derrick Joseph

Mrs. Feeney

AP Biology Period 1-4

8 December 2015

CHAPTER 5 VOCAB LIST

Carbohydrates: Attached to the outer surface of proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids).

Peripheral Membrane Proteins: Do not penetrate the bilayer at all. Lack exposed hydrophobic groups and are not embedded in the bilayer. They have polar or charged regions that interact with exposed parts of integral membrane proteins, or with the polar heads of phospholipid molecules.

Cholesterol: Molecules interspersed among phospholipid tails in the bilayer influence the fluidity of fatty acids in the membrane.

Fluid Mosaic Model: Nonpolar regions of phospholipids and membrane proteins interact to form an insoluble barrier. The phospholipid bilayer serves as a “lipid” lake in which a variety of proteins “float”.

Integral Membrane Proteins: Partly embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Like phospholipids, these proteins have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Glycolipid: Consists of a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a lipid. Extending outside the cell surface, the carbohydrate may serve as a recognition signal for interactions between cells.

Glycoprotein: Consists of a carbohydrate covalently bonded to a protein. The bound carbohydrate is an oligosaccharide of 15 or fewer monosaccharide units. These function as signaling sites, as do the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids.

Selective Permeability: Biological membranes allow some substances, but not others, to pass through them.

Passive Transport: Do not require direct input of metabolic energy to drive them.

Active Transport: Require the input of metabolic (chemical) energy from an outside source.

Diffusion: Process of random movement toward a state of equilibrium. Greater concentration to lesser concentration.

Simple Diffusion: A molecule that is hydrophobic and soluble in lipids can enter the membrane readily and pass through it. The more lipid-soluble the molecule is, the more...