Philosophy of Islam

Philosophy of Islam

Philosophy is basically a search for knowledge or truth where as Islamic philosophy was aimed to reconcile revelation with reason, knowledge with faith and religion with philosophy and to show that reason and revelation do not contradict each other. It discusses the problem of unity, the problem of multiplicity, the relationship between God & the world, the place of human being in this world. In class saw some of the aspects of philosophy of Islam which deals with and about some of the philosophers and their theologies.

The scholars of Islam divide Islamic teaching into three parts; Doctrines ('aqa'id) Morals (akhlaq) and The Law (ahkam). Doctrine includes all the aqaid which one muslim should have believe in. Morals are akhlaq whih describes how a human being should be? It is related to the commands and teaching of the spiritual and moral qualitities of human beings like justice, taqwa, courage to speak truth, wisdom, loyalty etc. whereas the Law is ahkaam which relates to the isse of practicing and the correct manner of performing religious acts such as; Namaz, Roza, Hajj, Jehad.

Ilm al- Kalam is one of the first Islamic sciences that present the fundamental Islamic beliefs and doctrines which are necessary for a muslim to believe in. it explains them, argues them and defends them. 'Ilm al-'Akhlaq (ethics) is the second study that is the teaching of Moral or Akhlaq which means human quality and the study of the third is called 'Ilm al-Fiqh (the science of jurisprudence) to which The Law or Ehkam is concerned, the human action and practice.

The purpose to developing Ilm al- Kalam was the problem of pre destination (jabbar) and free will (ikhtiyar); groups of people with two different thoughts. Another problem which seems to be the beginning of ilm al- kalam was divine justice. And it was credited to Al- Hassan Al- Basri in 728-29.

Followers of Pre Destination or Jabbar were known as Jabariyyah, they believed that God has set all the...