Case Study

Alyssa Reyteran g9-archimedes

The Calvin cycle, Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle, reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. It is also known as the light-independent reactions

The cycle was discovered by Melvin Calvin, James Bassham, and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley[2]by using the radioactive isotope carbon-14. It is one of the light-independent reactions used for carbon fixation

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis arechemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and othercompounds into glucose. These reactions occur in thestroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin cycle: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.

Calvin cycle

. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert lightenergy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, "light", and σύνθεσις,synthesis, "putting together"

In physiology, respiration is defined as the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and thetransport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

The Kebs Cycle is the central metabolic pathway in all aerobic organisms. The cycle is a series of eight reactions that occur in the mitochondrion.  These reactions take a two carbon molecule (acetate) and completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide.

Glycolysis is a determined sequence of...